The impact of dogs in ponds

Legal protection for ponds 

Small waterbodies with high conservation value now have some legal protection as a Habitat of Principal Importance. Since helping to secure this protection for ponds, we have continued to work with Natural England by identifying those that support important freshwater species or rare species communities. These waterbodies are known as Priority Ponds.

In many cases, these ponds are a last refuge for freshwater plants and animals that are now lost from surrounding areas and provide an opportunity for species to spread across the landscape. This designation means that statutory and other agencies need to consider these ponds in decision making and management plans, but ponds can still be adversely impacted by other factors, such as recreation. 

How dogs can impact on ponds 

While working with numerous landowners to identify the best ponds in Britain, we noticed patterns in the condition of ponds frequently accessed by dogs. These ponds had higher turbidity (the measurement of sediments in the water) with very little aquatic vegetation or invertebrate species. Ponds that are accessible to people and dogs may be subject to both physical and chemical impacts. Entering a pond leads to disturbance of the sediment on the bottom of the pond, increasing turbidity and preventing the penetration of light.   

When dogs enter the water, any chemicals present on their fur, clothes or skin from vet treatments, shampoos and laundry detergent can leach into the water. There is potential for some of these (e.g. Fipronil in flea treatment) to have long-term damaging effects on wildlife. Ponds can be uniquely vulnerable to chemical pollution and turbidity because the area that a pond receives water from is relatively small. This small catchment area means that ponds are more likely to be isolated away from pollution inputs, unlike streams or rivers. However, if pollutants are introduced to these waterbodies, then these are likely to increase in concentration over time in these more static environments with less dilution. 

To ensure the very best protection for these Priority Habitats, we have been working with landowners and local people in the New Forest to explore better management strategies. This can include simple changes, such as directing walking routes away from ponds and having a barrier to separate wildlife and recreational areas. When creating a wildlife pond, we advise that wildlife and biodiversity must be the priority and advise against activities such as regular use by dogs, duck feeding or the stocking of fish due to their adverse impacts. 

Interpretation and engagement play a vital role in protecting waterbodies while also balancing wildlife conservation and recreational access. With this in mind, we have created educational resources for landowners and communities, including Buster and Molly’s Guide to Ponds, a leaflet offering guidance on protecting ponds whilst walking your dog.